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German Text:
Spieglein, Spieglein an der Wand, wer ist die Schönste im ganzen Land?

English Translation:
Mirror, mirror, on the wall, who's the fairest of them all?

Grammar Notes:
Spieglein, Spieglein an der Wand, wer ist die Schönste im ganzen Land?

Let's break down this sentence word by word and understand the grammar:

1. Spieglein, Spieglein:
- This is a diminutive form of "Spiegel," which means "mirror." The "-lein" suffix is used to create a diminutive, making it "little mirror."
- "Spieglein" is repeated for emphasis, commonly used in fairy tales.

2. an der Wand:
- an: This is a preposition meaning "on" or "at" and takes the dative case when referring to a location.
- der: This is the dative case form of the definite article "die" (the) for feminine nouns.
- Wand: This means "wall" and is a feminine noun. The infinitive form is also "die Wand."

So, "an der Wand" means "on the wall."

3. wer ist:
- wer: This is a question word meaning "who."
- ist: This is the third person singular form of the verb "sein," which means "to be." The infinitive form is "sein."

So, "wer ist" translates to "who is."

4. die Schönste:
- die: This is the definite article "the" for feminine nouns in the nominative case.
- Schönste: This is the superlative form of "schön," which means "beautiful." The base form is "schön," and the superlative form is "die Schönste," meaning "the most beautiful."

Together, "die Schönste" means "the most beautiful (one)."

5. im ganzen Land:
- im: This is a contraction of "in dem," which means "in the." It is used with the dative case.
- ganzen: This is the dative case form of "ganz," which means "whole" or "entire." The adjective is declined to match the noun "Land" in the dative case.
- Land: This means "land" or "country" and is a neuter noun. The infinitive form is also "das Land."

So, "im ganzen Land" means "in the whole country."

Putting it all together, the sentence translates to: "Mirror, mirror on the wall, who is the most beautiful in the whole country?"

Grammar Tip:

In German, the cases (nominative, accusative, dative, genitive) determine the role of a noun in a sentence and affect the articles and adjective endings. For instance:
- Nominative case is used for the subject of a sentence.
- Accusative case is used for direct objects.
- Dative case is used for indirect objects and some prepositions.
- Genitive case indicates possession.

Related Words:
- Spiegel (mirror): This is the base form of "Spieglein."
- schön (beautiful): This is the adjective form, which becomes "Schönste" in its superlative form.
- sein (to be): This is the infinitive form of "ist."
- das Land (land/country): This is the base form of "Land."

Understanding these components can help in forming sentences and comprehending how adjectives and nouns interact with their respective cases.

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